Highlights
- International athletes can secure scholarships covering education and living costs while pursuing basketball.
- Understanding recruitment trends and regulations is vital for success in securing scholarships abroad.
Summary
Unlocking Basketball Scholarships Abroad: Essential Steps for 2025 Success provides a comprehensive guide for international student-athletes seeking basketball scholarships, particularly in the United States. These scholarships offer financial support covering tuition, housing, and living expenses, enabling recipients to pursue higher education while continuing athletic development without significant financial burden. With over 1,000 colleges and universities offering basketball scholarships, these opportunities are highly competitive but provide a vital pathway for talented players to access quality education and advance their sports careers.
The pursuit of basketball scholarships abroad involves meeting multifaceted eligibility criteria, including academic standards, athletic performance, amateurism regulations, and English proficiency requirements. Prospective students must navigate complex recruitment processes, which often entail submitting academic transcripts for evaluation, demonstrating athletic skill through game footage and rankings, and engaging directly with coaches and recruitment platforms. International athletes face unique challenges such as compressed recruitment timelines, cultural adaptation, and visa compliance, requiring careful planning and support from universities and recruiting networks.
Financially, scholarships vary in scope, frequently combining athletic aid with institutional grants or academic scholarships. Recent legal developments, such as the House v. NCAA settlement effective July 2025, have transformed collegiate sports funding by expanding permissible athlete compensation and scholarship guarantees. Additionally, emerging Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) agreements offer new revenue streams but also introduce compliance complexities, making transparency and legal guidance essential to safeguard eligibility and visa status.
Beyond athletics and academics, basketball scholarships abroad foster cultural exchange and personal growth, helping international student-athletes adapt socially and psychologically to new environments. Universities increasingly recognize these holistic benefits, offering tailored support services to address linguistic, mental health, and integration needs. As global interest in U.S. college basketball intensifies, understanding the evolving landscape—including recruitment trends, regulatory changes, and cultural considerations—is crucial for aspiring athletes aiming for scholarship success in 2025 and beyond.
Overview of Basketball Scholarships Abroad
Basketball scholarships abroad, particularly in the United States, offer student-athletes a unique opportunity to pursue higher education while continuing to develop their athletic careers. These scholarships provide financial support that typically covers tuition fees, room and board, and other living expenses, allowing recipients to focus on both academic and athletic commitments without the burden of significant financial strain. To qualify for a basketball scholarship, prospective student-athletes usually need to demonstrate exceptional sportsmanship and basketball skills, often verified through a coach’s assessment during the recruiting process. Unlike academic scholarships, which are awarded based on educational achievements such as GPA or standardized test scores, basketball scholarships hinge primarily on athletic potential and performance, though maintaining certain academic standards is also essential to retain the scholarship throughout one’s university career.
Over 1,000 colleges and universities in the U.S. offer opportunities for talented basketball players to join school teams as a pathway to funding their education. The competition for full scholarships can be intense, but numerous partial scholarships and additional financial aid options exist to support student-athletes with varying levels of athletic and academic achievement. Moreover, basketball scholarships abroad not only facilitate athletic and academic growth but also serve as a cultural bridge for international students. Participation in sports programs helps foreign student-athletes adapt to new environments by fostering social connections and easing cultural transitions through structured support and community engagement. This holistic approach enhances the overall university experience for international basketball players, combining sport, education, and cultural integration.
Eligibility Criteria
To secure a basketball scholarship in the United States, student-athletes must meet a combination of academic, athletic, and regulatory requirements designed to ensure they can succeed both on the court and in the classroom. These eligibility criteria vary depending on the governing athletic association, such as the NCAA or NAIA, as well as the division level and the individual college’s standards.
Academic Standards
Academic eligibility is a critical component for prospective scholarship recipients. Typically, students need to maintain a minimum Grade Point Average (GPA), often ranging between 2.3 and 3.0, and achieve acceptable scores on standardized tests such as the SAT or ACT. However, recent changes by the NCAA have eliminated SAT/ACT score requirements for initial eligibility starting in the 2023–2024 school year, though many colleges and coaches may still request these scores for admissions or scholarship considerations. Additionally, international student-athletes must have their academic transcripts evaluated by credential evaluation services, like WES or NCAA-approved agencies, to ensure they meet U.S. educational equivalency standards.
Athletic Standards
Athletic ability is assessed based on a player’s proven performance in competitive settings, including participation in national teams, rankings, or standout performances in tournaments and leagues. Coaches often require evidence of skill through game footage, skill videos focusing on specific drills, and statistics that highlight a player’s technical and tactical abilities. Participation on elite teams or national youth programs can significantly enhance visibility to U.S. recruiters.
Regulatory and Compliance Requirements
Student-athletes must adhere to amateurism standards set by the NCAA or NAIA, ensuring that they have not compromised their amateur status through professional contracts or payments. Eligibility also depends on meeting specific coursework requirements, including the completion of a minimum number of core courses equivalent to U.S. academic credentials. For international athletes, eligibility processes consider unique academic backgrounds, and enrolling as a transfer student may trigger additional evaluation.
Additional Considerations for International Students
International applicants must demonstrate English proficiency, commonly through TOEFL or IELTS scores, to satisfy both academic and immigration requirements. The visa process, typically involving obtaining an F-1 student visa, requires coordination with the college’s international office to facilitate a smooth transition to the U.S..
Division and Institutional Variations
Eligibility standards can differ by NCAA division. For example, Division III schools set their own requirements and may not emphasize standardized test scores, whereas Division I institutions follow stricter, nationally regulated criteria. Furthermore, some colleges have moved away from requiring admissions tests, though athletic departments might still impose their own eligibility standards related to test scores.
Preparing for Scholarship Applications
Securing a basketball scholarship abroad requires careful preparation across both academic and athletic dimensions. Prospective student-athletes must ensure they meet eligibility requirements set by governing bodies such as the NCAA or NAIA, including maintaining a minimum GPA—often between 2.3 and 3.0—and demonstrating English proficiency through exams like the TOEFL or IELTS. Academic credentials should be evaluated by recognized agencies to confirm U.S. equivalency, a crucial step for international applicants.
Athletic preparation involves building a strong competitive profile by participating in competitions, maintaining national or regional rankings, and showcasing talents through highlight videos and portfolios to attract coach attention. Engagement in school programs, academic clubs, and competitions can enhance the applicant’s profile by demonstrating a well-rounded commitment to both sport and academics.
Networking and visibility are key. Many universities and organizations organize events where athletes can demonstrate their skills and connect directly with coaches. Services such as USA College Sports provide platforms for students to engage with over 700 universities, assist in crafting compelling communications, and prepare for interviews or video calls with recruitment staff. Prospective athletes are encouraged to thoroughly research each institution’s athletic and academic requirements before initiating contact.
Understanding scholarship terms is vital. Applicants should review duration, renewal conditions, and any additional benefits or obligations associated with scholarship offers. Successful candidates must coordinate with the college’s international office to navigate visa procedures, typically involving securing an F-1 visa to study and compete in the U.S..
Researching Scholarship Opportunities
Researching basketball scholarship opportunities is a crucial first step for aspiring student-athletes aiming to study and play abroad. Scholarships vary widely based on academic achievement, athletic skill, and level of competition, making it important to understand the different criteria and processes involved.
Basketball scholarships in the United States and Canada are highly competitive, typically awarded to athletes who compete at a national level within their home countries. Most scholarships require a commitment to both sport and academic standards, often in the form of one-year agreements that must be renewed annually. For NCAA schools, scholarship offers become official only when the student-athlete signs the National Letter of Intent after securing a roster spot through recruitment.
Prospective student-athletes should utilize online platforms and scholarship search engines, such as Scholarships.com, which provide access to numerous open scholarships based on various criteria. Creating an account allows applicants to explore tailored options and understand terms and commitments associated with basketball scholarships.
International student-athletes (ISAs) face unique challenges in recruitment and university selection due to limited ability to visit campuses and evaluate options firsthand. This elevates the importance of coaching staff, scholarship offers, and targeted academic support that addresses linguistic, cultural, and mental health needs. In contrast, domestic student-athletes (DSAs) typically have greater access to visit universities and make more informed decisions.
Working with experienced recruiting agencies and agents can help navigate the complex scholarship landscape. These professionals often possess extensive networks and technological resources to assist student-athletes in identifying suitable programs and managing the recruiting process effectively. By leveraging these tools, student-athletes can enhance their chances of securing scholarships and finding the best university options abroad.
Application Process
The application process for basketball scholarships abroad involves several critical steps. Athletes should ensure they meet eligibility requirements set by governing bodies such as the NCAA or NAIA, which include maintaining a certain GPA, standardized test scores (SAT/ACT), and English proficiency through exams like TOEFL or IELTS. While NCAA Division I and II schools no longer require SAT or ACT scores for athletic eligibility, some institutions may still request them for admission or scholarship consideration, so verifying requirements with each school is advisable.
Registering with the NCAA Eligibility Center or the NAIA Eligibility Center to verify academic credentials and amateurism status is essential. International applicants must submit official documents, including transcripts and test scores, often requiring translation and credential evaluation to meet U.S. equivalency standards. Services such as World Education Services (WES) or NCAA-approved agencies assist with this evaluation to facilitate smoother admissions.
Prospective student-athletes are encouraged to actively engage with coaches and university programs. Utilizing networks like USA College Sports, which connects students to over 700 universities, can aid in crafting effective communications, preparing for video calls, and understanding each school’s athletic and academic requirements. Researching schools’ specific scholarship offerings and funding options early is crucial, as some universities automatically consider international applicants, while others require separate applications with strict deadlines.
International students must prepare for the transfer of academic credits if planning to study abroad or transfer schools. This involves submitting a “Request for Transfer Evaluation” form along with course syllabi before departure to avoid delays in credit approval and financial aid disbursement. Because course evaluations can take several weeks, starting early is imperative to meet admissions deadlines and ensure smooth academic transitions.
Student-athletes should be aware of the visa process, working closely with the college’s international office to secure an F-1 visa and prepare for their move to the U.S.. During recruitment, transparency is key; any Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) deals offered must be clearly outlined and comply with NCAA and visa regulations to prevent eligibility or legal issues.
Demonstrating athletic excellence is vital, especially for international recruits competing against a large pool of domestic talent. Some athletes choose to attend U.S.-based prep schools to increase visibility and recruitment opportunities. Staying informed about transfer windows and NCAA Transfer Portal rules can also facilitate smooth transfers and eligibility for competition at new institutions.
By following these steps, aspiring international basketball players can strategically position themselves for scholarship success in the 2025 recruitment cycle and beyond.
Recruitment Timeline and Critical Milestones
The recruitment timeline for international basketball athletes aspiring to secure scholarships in the U.S. differs significantly from that of domestic players. While U.S.-based athletes often begin seeking scholarships as early as their sophomore year of high school—engaging in recruitment for around three years—international athletes usually start much later, often with only about 6.5 months before the academic year begins.
This condensed timeline presents challenges for international recruits who must rapidly showcase skills and navigate recruitment complexities. Many international players consider transferring to U.S. prep schools to gain better exposure to college coaches and demonstrate abilities against domestic competition.
Athletes should follow a structured recruiting timeline tailored to their sport, division level, and target programs. The NCAA provides guides for international student-athletes outlining key steps such as academic eligibility, amateurism certification, and contact protocols with coaches. Adhering to these guidelines helps athletes meet critical milestones, including registering with the NCAA Eligibility Center and preparing game footage.
Participation in U.S.-based training camps and exposure programs is a crucial milestone, allowing international players direct access to college coaches and increasing scholarship opportunities. Early engagement with these, combined with strategic communication and academic preparedness, significantly enhances recruitment success.
Credit Transfer and Academic Integration
Transferring academic credits from foreign institutions to universities abroad is critical for international students pursuing basketball scholarships. Acceptance of transfer credits varies between institutions and depends on factors like recognition by the country’s ministry of education, similarity of courses, and fulfillment of degree requirements. Many universities accept transfer credits but often limit the number applicable toward a degree.
The process requires proactive involvement from the student, including completing a “Request for Transfer Evaluation” form, providing detailed syllabi for courses not previously evaluated, and coordinating with Education Abroad offices to facilitate course articulation evaluations, which may take a month or longer. Prior to departure, students should submit the Request for Transfer Credit Form and arrange for their abroad institution to send official transcripts directly to avoid delays in financial aid or graduation eligibility.
Successfully navigating this process saves time and reduces educational costs, beneficial when balancing academics with athletic commitments. Universities hosting international athletes, such as Brigham Young University, the University of Florida, and the University of Southern California, have established protocols to manage diverse academic backgrounds while integrating these students into their programs.
Effective credit transfer and academic integration ensure international student-athletes maintain scholarship eligibility and progress steadily toward their degrees.
Financial Aspects of Scholarships Abroad
International students seeking basketball scholarships abroad face a complex financial landscape involving multiple funding types and varying eligibility criteria. Many do not qualify for federal financial aid such as FAFSA, but several universities provide institutional grants or private funding options. Applying for need-based scholarships typically requires submitting detailed family income and asset documentation. Academic scholarships are awarded based on educational achievements, including GPA, standardized test scores, research projects, portfolios, or academic honors. Participation in school programs and competitions can strengthen an applicant’s profile.
Athletic scholarships offer dual benefits: access to top-tier education and opportunities to demonstrate athletic talent. These scholarships are highly competitive and governed by strict recruitment and eligibility rules. U.S. colleges actively recruit international basketball players, but most athletic scholarships cover only part of tuition, room and board, and fees. Additional financial aid and scholarships based on academic performance or other criteria may supplement athletic funding.
Starting July 1, 2025, the House v. NCAA settlement introduces significant changes. Division I schools can pay basketball players directly from school sports revenue, such as ticket sales and TV deals, up to $20.5 million per school year, expected to rise to approximately $33 million by 2035. This funding can support payments for promoting the school or recognizing academic achievements. The settlement replaces previous scholarship limits with roster limits, permitting scholarships for all rostered players on men’s and women’s basketball teams (15 players each). Most major programs offer multi-year scholarship guarantees.
Regarding Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) deals, whether provided by schools or external entities, terms must be clearly documented and comply with NCAA and visa regulations. Ambiguities or non-compliance can result in non-payment, loss of eligibility, or visa complications. Verbal offers may sometimes be exaggerated or unclear, underscoring the need for clear communication during recruitment.
Scholarships provide no-strings-attached financial benefits that do not require repayment upon graduation, making them
Visa, Legal, and Compliance Considerations
Student-athletes seeking basketball scholarships abroad must carefully navigate visa requirements, legal protocols, and compliance regulations to ensure a smooth transition and maintain eligibility. A crucial first step is securing an appropriate visa, typically an F-1 student visa, which allows international students to study in the United States. Working closely with the college’s international office is essential for obtaining this visa and preparing for relocation.
Compliance with academic and athletic eligibility standards is also vital. Prospective student-athletes must meet GPA, standardized test scores (such as the SAT or ACT), and English proficiency requirements (TOEFL or IELTS) as stipulated by governing bodies like the NCAA or NAIA. Additionally, their academic credentials should be evaluated by authorized services to confirm equivalency with U.S. educational standards. This ensures the student-athlete’s eligibility for competition and scholarship opportunities under NCAA regulations, which are governed by committees overseeing Division I and other divisions.
Furthermore, student-athletes need to be aware of transfer credit processes when studying abroad. Completion of required forms, such as the Request for Transfer Credit Form, before departure and coordination with the abroad institution to send transcripts directly are imperative. Failure to fulfill these administrative steps may delay financial aid disbursement and impact scholarship renewal or graduation eligibility.
Athletic compliance also extends to NCAA rules on international competition and travel. For instance, NCAA policies permit athletic teams to participate in foreign tours and exhibition games once every four years, offering opportunities for cultural exposure and team development, which may be integrated with academic components to enrich the study abroad experience. Close communication with coaches, academic advisors, and compliance offices helps student-athletes align their athletic commitments with study abroad plans and NCAA regulations.
Cultural and Social Adaptation
International student-athletes face significant cultural and social adaptation challenges when transitioning to life and sport in the United States. This process typically follows a U-Curve model of cultural adjustment, encompassing phases such as contact, disintegration, reintegration, autonomy, and independence. Awareness of this developmental process is essential for sport administrators and support staff to effectively assist these athletes both on and off the court.
The assimilation experience involves overcoming language barriers, social skills difficulties, and navigating new academic and athletic environments. Research highlights that international student-athletes often struggle with social integration and the psychological stressors associated with cultural transition. Tailored academic support sensitive to linguistic and cultural backgrounds, as well as mental health services addressing these unique pressures, are critical to their success.
To facilitate cultural adaptation, athletic departments can incorporate academic components into international experiences such as foreign tours and global practicums. These initiatives help student-athletes contextualize their cultural exposure and develop transferable skills that benefit them academically and personally. The NCAA permits athletic teams to participate in foreign tours once every four years, which can be strategically used not only for team bonding but also for cultural competency development.
Moreover, participation in team sports enhances communication skills, cooperation, and group dynamics understanding, which are invaluable for international student-athletes adapting to new social and academic settings. Despite some coaching staff concerns regarding exchange students’ short-term presence, the benefits of involving foreign-exchange athletes in collegiate sports include cultural exchange, personal growth, and strengthened community integration.
University Partnerships and Recruitment Networks
University partnerships and recruitment networks play a critical role in connecting international basketball talent with collegiate programs in the United States. Many colleges collaborate with recruitment consultancies and sports organizations to identify and attract promising student-athletes worldwide, thereby increasing opportunities for athletic scholarships and competitive placement.
These partnerships often extend to international basketball academies and federations, which serve as talent pipelines by scouting and developing players globally. Notable examples include the NBA Basketball School and NBA Academy programs, which operate in countries such as China, India, Australia, and Senegal. These academies utilize a network of global scouts, advanced training technology like the NBA’s HomeCourt app, and local federation collaborations to identify prospects who may eventually join U.S. collegiate teams.
Recruitment networks also provide essential guidance for athletes navigating the complex college sports recruitment process. Organizations with extensive experience and wide connections to college coaches help student-athletes craft strong profiles combining academic qualifications, playing history, and highlight footage, all of which are crucial to standing out among stiff competition. Furthermore, these networks assist in matching athletes with programs that align with their academic goals and athletic potential, optimizing scholarship opportunities and overall fit.
For international student-athletes (ISAs), these partnerships are particularly valuable, as they often face challenges such as limited campus visits and cultural adjustments. Coaches and recruitment staff within these networks not only facilitate scholarship offers but also provide tailored academic support and mental health resources sensitive to the unique needs of ISAs, enhancing their ability to succeed both on and off the court.
In some cases, recruitment networks encourage promising international athletes to attend U.S.-based prep schools to increase their visibility and competitiveness against domestic recruits. This strategic move helps athletes demonstrate their abilities more directly to college coaches, improving their chances of securing scholarships in highly competitive programs.
Skills and Attributes Valued by Coaches
Coaches recruiting basketball players, especially at the collegiate level in the United States, prioritize a combination of athletic ability, technical skills, and personal qualities. Demonstrating superior basketball skills is essential, as international recruits often need to show they are significantly stronger than domestic prospects due to the highly competitive pool of talent available to U.S. coaches.
Technical proficiency can be effectively showcased through skills videos that highlight specific drills and movements outside of game settings. These videos provide coaches with a closer look at an athlete’s technique and individual capabilities. Additionally, participating in events hosted by universities or sports organizations allows athletes to display their talents in person and make direct connections with coaches.
Beyond physical and technical skills, coaches also value exemplary sportsmanship and teamwork. Athletes who demonstrate strong communication and cooperation skills, particularly those from foreign-exchange backgrounds, tend to adapt well to team dynamics and contribute positively to both athletic and academic environments. These personal attributes are critical, as basketball is a team sport that requires coordination and mutual support among players.
Ultimately, coaches look for athletes who not only excel on the court but also show discipline, commitment, and the potential for leadership. Developing these skills and attributes enhances an athlete’s chances of receiving an athletic scholarship and succeeding within a college basketball program.
Challenges and Solutions in the Recruitment Process
International student-athletes (ISAs) face a variety of challenges during the recruitment and institutional choice process that are often more complex than those experienced by domestic student-athletes (DSAs). One significant difficulty for ISAs is their limited ability to visit and evaluate potential universities in person, which makes the role of coaching staff and scholarship offers critical in their decision-making process. This lack of direct exposure to schools and coaches places ISAs at a disadvantage compared to DSAs, who typically have greater access to campus visits and firsthand evaluations.
Exposure to college coaches is a major hurdle for international athletes seeking scholarships. Because it is often difficult to get in front of college coaches, ISAs may find themselves behind in the recruitment race. Even when exposure opportunities arise, the availability of scholarship money can be limited, further complicating the recruitment landscape for these athletes. To counteract these challenges, participation in training camps, showcases, and recruitment events is essential for ISAs to gain visibility and connect with coaches who may offer scholarships.
Beyond recruitment logistics, ISAs encounter distinctive challenges related to cultural and social adaptation, academic pressures, and navigating the NCAA eligibility process. Many arrive academically better prepared than their domestic counterparts, yet face higher dropout rates due to adjustment difficulties stemming from cultural differences, language barriers, and unfamiliar educational systems. Tailored academic support services that consider linguistic and cultural backgrounds, along with mental health resources addressing unique psychological stressors, are crucial for improving ISA retention and success.
On the institutional side, proactive communication and early planning are key solutions. ISAs are encouraged to engage with coaches, academic advisors, and student support services well before arriving on campus to address NCAA compliance, eligibility issues, and to prepare for the academic and athletic demands of college life. Universities and recruiting platforms also play a role by providing extensive networks and resources that help student-athletes strategize their recruitment process, including crafting compelling communications with coaches and preparing for virtual interactions.
Finally, the scholarship process itself demands awareness and preparedness. Athletes should understand that basketball scholarships, like other athletic grants, require a commitment to the sport and academic responsibilities. U.S. universities typically offer academic advisors and tutoring to help athletes manage their coursework alongside athletic commitments. Starting early with course evaluations and understanding credit transfer policies is also important to avoid admission delays and ensure academic progress.
Success Stories and Case Studies
Several international student-athletes have successfully navigated the competitive landscape of basketball scholarships abroad, illustrating the transformative impact of these opportunities. For many, the experience extends beyond athletics, fostering essential skills such as teamwork, communication, and cultural competence. One notable case involved a group of foreign-exchange students who participated in a basketball team’s foreign tour while concurrently enrolling in a Global Practicum course. This unique combination allowed them to synthesize their athletic and cultural experiences, develop personal reflection skills, and understand how growing cultural competencies could enhance their performance both on and off the court.
These success stories highlight how basketball scholarships can serve as a platform not only for showcasing athletic prowess but also for gaining world-class education and personal development. Many student-athletes benefit from tailored academic support in U.S. universities, including assistance from professors, tutors, and advisors, which helps them balance their rigorous sports schedules with academic demands. Moreover, such cases demonstrate how athletes leverage scholarships to access educational resources and opportunities that might otherwise be inaccessible, emphasizing the dual advantage of athletic and academic growth.
While the process of securing scholarships is fiercely competitive, the experiences of these students reveal that strategic preparation, understanding scholarship requirements, and engaging in reflective academic programs can significantly enhance success rates. Additionally, the teamwork and cultural adaptation involved in these programs prepare students for future challenges in diverse environments, both within sports and beyond.
Future Trends in Basketball Scholarships Abroad
The landscape of basketball scholarships abroad is evolving rapidly, shaped by both increasing global interest and emerging challenges. One of the most notable trends is the growing popularity of U.S. college basketball among international student-athletes, driven in part by heightened media exposure such as the Netflix series The Last Dance. This surge in popularity has intensified competition for scholarships, making strategic recruitment and preparation more critical than ever for aspiring athletes worldwide.
Another significant trend is the increasing complexity surrounding Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) deals. While these deals present new financial opportunities for student-athletes, they also require careful navigation to ensure compliance with NCAA and visa regulations. Clear, written agreements are essential to avoid risks such as loss of eligibility or visa complications. Furthermore, verbal scholarship offers may sometimes be exaggerated or unclear, underscoring the need for prospective athletes to seek thorough guidance during the recruitment process.
The role of recruitment consultancies and platforms is becoming more prominent, as they provide vital support in navigating application procedures, scholarship options, and compliance requirements. Some universities have simplified their scholarship application processes, offering automatic consideration without additional essays or interviews. However, many still require separate applications, interviews, or essays, highlighting the importance of personalized guidance tailored to the athlete’s profile.
Finally, the globalization of sports scholarship opportunities must be balanced against broader cultural and regulatory challenges. While sports remain a powerful vehicle for cultural exchange and identity, the increasing commercialization of athletics necessitates vigilance to maintain sporting values alongside commercial interests. International students must therefore prepare not only athletically and academically but also be mindful of the cultural and regulatory contexts in which they will compete and study.
